diff --git a/src/NaturallyColorModels/AbstractColorModel.php b/src/NaturallyColorModels/AbstractColorModel.php
deleted file mode 100644
index faf7af4..0000000
--- a/src/NaturallyColorModels/AbstractColorModel.php
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,71 +0,0 @@
-<?php
-
-namespace TorstenHettstedt\Colors\NaturallyColorModels;
-
-
-use InvalidArgumentException;
-
-abstract class AbstractColorModel
-{
-
-    protected function asPercentValue(float $value): int
-    {
-        return intval($value * 100);
-    }
-
-    protected function fromPercentValue(int $value): float
-    {
-        return $value / 100.0;
-    }
-
-    protected function checkPercentValue(int $value): void
-    {
-        if ($value > 100) {
-            throw new InvalidArgumentException('Ein Wert größer als 100% ist nicht definierbar.');
-        }
-        if ($value < 0) {
-            throw new InvalidArgumentException('Ein Wert kleiner als 0% ist nicht definierbar.');
-        }
-    }
-
-    protected function asGradValue(float $value): int
-    {
-        return intval($value * 360);
-    }
-
-    protected function fromGradValue(int $value): float
-    {
-        return $value / 360.0;
-    }
-
-    protected function checkGradValue(int $value): void
-    {
-        if ($value > 360) {
-            throw new InvalidArgumentException('Ein Wert größer als 360° ist nicht definierbar.');
-        }
-        if ($value < 0) {
-            throw new InvalidArgumentException('Ein Wert kleiner als 0° ist nicht definierbar.');
-        }
-    }
-
-    protected function asHexadecimalValue(float $value): int
-    {
-        return intval($value * 0xFF);
-    }
-
-    protected function fromHexadecimalValue(int $value): float
-    {
-        return $value / 0xFF;
-    }
-
-    protected function checkHexadecimalValue(int $value): void
-    {
-        if ($value > 0xFF) {
-            throw new InvalidArgumentException('Ein Wert größer als "0xFF" ist nicht definierbar.');
-        }
-        if ($value < 0) {
-            throw new InvalidArgumentException('Ein Wert kleiner als "0x00" ist nicht definierbar.');
-        }
-    }
-
-}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/NaturallyColorModels/CyanMagentaYellowKey.php b/src/NaturallyColorModels/CyanMagentaYellowKey.php
index 44a5f38..1df9034 100644
--- a/src/NaturallyColorModels/CyanMagentaYellowKey.php
+++ b/src/NaturallyColorModels/CyanMagentaYellowKey.php
@@ -10,14 +10,16 @@ use TorstenHettstedt\Colors\ColorModels\CyanMagentaYellowKey as PureCyanMagentaY
  * Definition des allgemeinen CMYK-Farbraumes. Die Werte für die eigenschaften sind reelle Zahlen von 0 bis einschließlich 1.
  * Ohne Änderung der Eigenschaften wird die Farbe *weiß* dargestellt.
  */
-class CyanMagentaYellowKey extends AbstractColorModel
+class CyanMagentaYellowKey
 {
     /** @var PureCyanMagentaYellowKey : Standard-Color-Modell */
     protected PureCyanMagentaYellowKey $pureColor;
+    protected Helper\PercentValues     $percentValuesHelper;
 
     #[Pure] public function __construct()
     {
         $this->pureColor = new PureCyanMagentaYellowKey();
+        $this->percentValuesHelper = new Helper\PercentValues();
     }
 
     /**
@@ -25,7 +27,7 @@ class CyanMagentaYellowKey extends AbstractColorModel
      */
     #[Pure] public function getCyan(): int
     {
-        return $this->asPercentValue($this->pureColor->getCyan());
+        return $this->percentValuesHelper->asPercentValue($this->pureColor->getCyan());
     }
 
     /**
@@ -34,8 +36,8 @@ class CyanMagentaYellowKey extends AbstractColorModel
      */
     public function setCyan(int $cyan): CyanMagentaYellowKey
     {
-        $this->checkPercentValue($cyan);
-        $this->pureColor->setCyan($this->fromPercentValue($cyan));
+        $this->percentValuesHelper->checkPercentValue($cyan);
+        $this->pureColor->setCyan($this->percentValuesHelper->fromPercentValue($cyan));
         return $this;
     }
 
@@ -44,7 +46,7 @@ class CyanMagentaYellowKey extends AbstractColorModel
      */
     #[Pure] public function getMagenta(): int
     {
-        return $this->asPercentValue($this->pureColor->getMagenta());
+        return $this->percentValuesHelper->asPercentValue($this->pureColor->getMagenta());
     }
 
     /**
@@ -53,8 +55,8 @@ class CyanMagentaYellowKey extends AbstractColorModel
      */
     public function setMagenta(int $magenta): CyanMagentaYellowKey
     {
-        $this->checkPercentValue($magenta);
-        $this->pureColor->setMagenta($this->fromPercentValue($magenta));
+        $this->percentValuesHelper->checkPercentValue($magenta);
+        $this->pureColor->setMagenta($this->percentValuesHelper->fromPercentValue($magenta));
         return $this;
     }
 
@@ -63,7 +65,7 @@ class CyanMagentaYellowKey extends AbstractColorModel
      */
     #[Pure] public function getYellow(): int
     {
-        return $this->asPercentValue($this->pureColor->getYellow());
+        return $this->percentValuesHelper->asPercentValue($this->pureColor->getYellow());
     }
 
     /**
@@ -72,8 +74,8 @@ class CyanMagentaYellowKey extends AbstractColorModel
      */
     public function setYellow(int $yellow): CyanMagentaYellowKey
     {
-        $this->checkPercentValue($yellow);
-        $this->pureColor->setYellow($this->fromPercentValue($yellow));
+        $this->percentValuesHelper->checkPercentValue($yellow);
+        $this->pureColor->setYellow($this->percentValuesHelper->fromPercentValue($yellow));
         return $this;
     }
 
@@ -82,7 +84,7 @@ class CyanMagentaYellowKey extends AbstractColorModel
      */
     #[Pure] public function getKey(): int
     {
-        return $this->asPercentValue($this->pureColor->getKey());
+        return $this->percentValuesHelper->asPercentValue($this->pureColor->getKey());
     }
 
     /**
@@ -91,8 +93,8 @@ class CyanMagentaYellowKey extends AbstractColorModel
      */
     public function setKey(int $key): CyanMagentaYellowKey
     {
-        $this->checkPercentValue($key);
-        $this->pureColor->setKey($this->fromPercentValue($key));
+        $this->percentValuesHelper->checkPercentValue($key);
+        $this->pureColor->setKey($this->percentValuesHelper->fromPercentValue($key));
         return $this;
     }
 
diff --git a/src/NaturallyColorModels/Helper/GradValues.php b/src/NaturallyColorModels/Helper/GradValues.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..75e9c0b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/NaturallyColorModels/Helper/GradValues.php
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace TorstenHettstedt\Colors\NaturallyColorModels\Helper;
+
+
+use InvalidArgumentException;
+
+class GradValues
+{
+
+    public function asGradValue(float $value): int
+    {
+        return intval($value * 360);
+    }
+
+    public function fromGradValue(int $value): float
+    {
+        return $value / 360.0;
+    }
+
+    public function checkGradValue(int $value): void
+    {
+        if ($value > 360) {
+            throw new InvalidArgumentException('Ein Wert größer als 360° ist nicht definierbar.');
+        }
+        if ($value < 0) {
+            throw new InvalidArgumentException('Ein Wert kleiner als 0° ist nicht definierbar.');
+        }
+    }
+
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/NaturallyColorModels/Helper/HexadecimalValues.php b/src/NaturallyColorModels/Helper/HexadecimalValues.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9477e39
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/NaturallyColorModels/Helper/HexadecimalValues.php
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace TorstenHettstedt\Colors\NaturallyColorModels\Helper;
+
+
+use InvalidArgumentException;
+
+class HexadecimalValues
+{
+
+    public function asHexadecimalValue(float $value): int
+    {
+        return intval($value * 0xFF);
+    }
+
+    public function fromHexadecimalValue(int $value): float
+    {
+        return $value / 0xFF;
+    }
+
+    public function checkHexadecimalValue(int $value): void
+    {
+        if ($value > 0xFF) {
+            throw new InvalidArgumentException('Ein Wert größer als "0xFF" ist nicht definierbar.');
+        }
+        if ($value < 0) {
+            throw new InvalidArgumentException('Ein Wert kleiner als "0x00" ist nicht definierbar.');
+        }
+    }
+
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/NaturallyColorModels/Helper/PercentValues.php b/src/NaturallyColorModels/Helper/PercentValues.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b9350fa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/NaturallyColorModels/Helper/PercentValues.php
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace TorstenHettstedt\Colors\NaturallyColorModels\Helper;
+
+
+use InvalidArgumentException;
+
+class PercentValues
+{
+
+    public function asPercentValue(float $value): int
+    {
+        return intval($value * 100);
+    }
+
+    public function fromPercentValue(int $value): float
+    {
+        return $value / 100.0;
+    }
+
+    public function checkPercentValue(int $value): void
+    {
+        if ($value > 100) {
+            throw new InvalidArgumentException('Ein Wert größer als 100% ist nicht definierbar.');
+        }
+        if ($value < 0) {
+            throw new InvalidArgumentException('Ein Wert kleiner als 0% ist nicht definierbar.');
+        }
+    }
+
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/NaturallyColorModels/HueSaturationValue.php b/src/NaturallyColorModels/HueSaturationValue.php
index 9c30a63..0870523 100644
--- a/src/NaturallyColorModels/HueSaturationValue.php
+++ b/src/NaturallyColorModels/HueSaturationValue.php
@@ -11,14 +11,18 @@ use TorstenHettstedt\Colors\ColorModels\HueSaturationValue as PureHueSaturationV
  * Definition des allgemeinen HSV-Farbraumes. Die Werte für die Eigenschaften sind reelle Zahlen von 0 bis einschließlich 1.
  * Ohne Änderung der Eigenschaften wird die Farbe *weiß* dargestellt.
  */
-class HueSaturationValue extends AbstractColorModel
+class HueSaturationValue
 {
     /** @var PureHueSaturationValue : Standard-Color-Modell */
     protected PureHueSaturationValue $pureColor;
+    protected Helper\PercentValues $percentValuesHelper;
+    protected Helper\GradValues    $gradValuesHelper;
 
     #[Pure] public function __construct()
     {
         $this->pureColor = new PureHueSaturationValue();
+        $this->percentValuesHelper = new Helper\PercentValues();
+        $this->gradValuesHelper = new Helper\GradValues();
     }
 
     /**
@@ -26,7 +30,7 @@ class HueSaturationValue extends AbstractColorModel
      */
     #[Pure] public function getHue(): int
     {
-        return $this->asGradValue($this->pureColor->getHue());
+        return $this->gradValuesHelper->asGradValue($this->pureColor->getHue());
     }
 
     /**
@@ -35,8 +39,8 @@ class HueSaturationValue extends AbstractColorModel
      */
     public function setHue(int $hue): HueSaturationValue
     {
-        $this->checkGradValue($hue);
-        $this->pureColor->setHue($this->fromGradValue($hue));
+        $this->gradValuesHelper->checkGradValue($hue);
+        $this->pureColor->setHue($this->gradValuesHelper->fromGradValue($hue));
         return $this;
     }
 
@@ -45,7 +49,7 @@ class HueSaturationValue extends AbstractColorModel
      */
     #[Pure] public function getSaturation(): int
     {
-        return $this->asPercentValue($this->pureColor->getSaturation());
+        return $this->percentValuesHelper->asPercentValue($this->pureColor->getSaturation());
     }
 
     /**
@@ -54,8 +58,8 @@ class HueSaturationValue extends AbstractColorModel
      */
     public function setSaturation(int $saturation): HueSaturationValue
     {
-        $this->checkPercentValue($saturation);
-        $this->pureColor->setSaturation($this->fromPercentValue($saturation));
+        $this->percentValuesHelper->checkPercentValue($saturation);
+        $this->pureColor->setSaturation($this->percentValuesHelper->fromPercentValue($saturation));
         return $this;
     }
 
@@ -64,7 +68,7 @@ class HueSaturationValue extends AbstractColorModel
      */
     #[Pure] public function getValue(): int
     {
-        return $this->asPercentValue($this->pureColor->getValue());
+        return $this->percentValuesHelper->asPercentValue($this->pureColor->getValue());
     }
 
     /**
@@ -73,8 +77,8 @@ class HueSaturationValue extends AbstractColorModel
      */
     public function setValue(int $value): HueSaturationValue
     {
-        $this->checkPercentValue($value);
-        $this->pureColor->setValue($this->fromPercentValue($value));
+        $this->percentValuesHelper->checkPercentValue($value);
+        $this->pureColor->setValue($this->percentValuesHelper->fromPercentValue($value));
         return $this;
     }
 
diff --git a/src/NaturallyColorModels/RedGreenBlue.php b/src/NaturallyColorModels/RedGreenBlue.php
index 9769489..852b151 100644
--- a/src/NaturallyColorModels/RedGreenBlue.php
+++ b/src/NaturallyColorModels/RedGreenBlue.php
@@ -9,14 +9,16 @@ use TorstenHettstedt\Colors\ColorModels\RedGreenBlue as PureRedGreenBlue;
  * Definition des allgemeinen RGB-Farbraumes. Die Werte für die eigenschaften sind reelle Zahlen von 0 bis einschließlich 1.
  * Ohne Änderung der Eigenschaften wird die Farbe *weiß* dargestellt.
  */
-class RedGreenBlue extends AbstractColorModel
+class RedGreenBlue
 {
     /** @var PureRedGreenBlue : Standard-Color-Modell */
-    protected PureRedGreenBlue $pureColor;
+    protected PureRedGreenBlue         $pureColor;
+    protected Helper\HexadecimalValues $hexadecimalValuesHelper;
 
     #[Pure] public function __construct()
     {
         $this->pureColor = new PureRedGreenBlue();
+        $this->hexadecimalValuesHelper = new Helper\HexadecimalValues();
     }
 
     /**
@@ -24,7 +26,7 @@ class RedGreenBlue extends AbstractColorModel
      */
     #[Pure] public function getRed(): int
     {
-        return $this->asHexadecimalValue($this->pureColor->getRed());
+        return $this->hexadecimalValuesHelper->asHexadecimalValue($this->pureColor->getRed());
     }
 
     /**
@@ -33,8 +35,8 @@ class RedGreenBlue extends AbstractColorModel
      */
     public function setRed(int $red): RedGreenBlue
     {
-        $this->checkHexadecimalValue($red);
-        $this->pureColor->setRed($this->fromHexadecimalValue($red));
+        $this->hexadecimalValuesHelper->checkHexadecimalValue($red);
+        $this->pureColor->setRed($this->hexadecimalValuesHelper->fromHexadecimalValue($red));
         return $this;
     }
 
@@ -43,7 +45,7 @@ class RedGreenBlue extends AbstractColorModel
      */
     #[Pure] public function getGreen(): int
     {
-        return $this->asHexadecimalValue($this->pureColor->getGreen());
+        return $this->hexadecimalValuesHelper->asHexadecimalValue($this->pureColor->getGreen());
     }
 
     /**
@@ -52,8 +54,8 @@ class RedGreenBlue extends AbstractColorModel
      */
     public function setGreen(int $green): RedGreenBlue
     {
-        $this->checkHexadecimalValue($green);
-        $this->pureColor->setGreen($this->fromHexadecimalValue($green));
+        $this->hexadecimalValuesHelper->checkHexadecimalValue($green);
+        $this->pureColor->setGreen($this->hexadecimalValuesHelper->fromHexadecimalValue($green));
         return $this;
     }
 
@@ -62,7 +64,7 @@ class RedGreenBlue extends AbstractColorModel
      */
     public function getBlue(): int
     {
-        return $this->asHexadecimalValue($this->pureColor->getBlue());
+        return $this->hexadecimalValuesHelper->asHexadecimalValue($this->pureColor->getBlue());
     }
 
     /**
@@ -71,8 +73,8 @@ class RedGreenBlue extends AbstractColorModel
      */
     public function setBlue(int $blue): RedGreenBlue
     {
-        $this->checkHexadecimalValue($blue);
-        $this->pureColor->setBlue($this->fromHexadecimalValue($blue));
+        $this->hexadecimalValuesHelper->checkHexadecimalValue($blue);
+        $this->pureColor->setBlue($this->hexadecimalValuesHelper->fromHexadecimalValue($blue));
         return $this;
     }